Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a disease in which plaque is formed inside the arteries. The plaque sticky substance made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium and other substances found in the blood. Over time, plaque hardens, leads to narrowing of the arteries. This reduces the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the body and can lead to serious problems, including:

 • coronary artery disease. It is the arteries that supply the heart with blood. When the blockage of these arteries, the patient can suffer from angina and heart attacks. • carotid artery disease. These are the arteries that transport blood to the brain. When the blockage could be that the patient is exposed to stroke. • peripheral arterial disease. These arteries are found in the arms and legs and pelvis. When the blockage, the patient may be suffering from numbness and pain, as well as infection sometimes.

 In normal conditions, atherosclerosis does not lead to the emergence of symptoms only when Atadhaq much artery or when a clog completely. Many people are unaware that they are infected with the disease to show that they have medical conditions that a medical emergency. The physical examination, imaging, and other diagnostic tests, can reveal the presence of atherosclerosis. And it includes the treatment on the use of medications, and some medical procedures, or surgery.

 It can also be to change the style of life of the patient benefit as well. This includes a healthy diet, exercise regularly and maintain a healthy body healthy weight, quitting smoking, as well as a measure of psychological distress

an introduction

Atherosclerosis is a disease in which plaque is formed inside some of the blood vessels, called as "the arteries." The plaque sticky substance made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium and other substances present in the blood. Over time, plaque hardens, leads to narrowing of the artery.

 This is what limits the oxygen-rich blood flow to parts of the body, which can cause serious problems that threaten the patient's life. This educational program helps to develop a better understanding of the disease, atherosclerosis, and its causes, and its complications, and diagnosis, and how to treat it. It also deals with the health of changes in the pattern of the patient's life.

 Atherosclerosis

 Atherosclerosis is a disease in which plaque is formed inside the arteries. The arteries are blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the various organs of the body, among them the same heart, the brain and the upper limbs and lower limbs. Lining healthy arteries are glossy, smooth on the inside, which makes the blood flow easy. This is a normal artery. The damage to the lining of the arteries makes it rough. This is what makes fatty substances, Kalchollstrul for example, stick to these coarse Vttjma lining inside the arteries.

 As a result, forming plaque on the inner walls of the artery. Plaque of fat, cholesterol, calcium and other substances found in the blood is made up. Over time, plaque hardens leads to narrowing of the artery. When the plaque leads to narrowing of the artery walls, the situation is called as "atherosclerosis." Limiting atherosclerosis of the flow of oxygen-rich blood flow to various parts of the body organs. This may lead to serious health problems, including heart attacks and strokes, and sometimes death

 Atherosclerosis affects the blood flow the other way too, namely to cause make the blood clot within the artery. This is called as "thrombus". It is possible that the clot lead to reduce the amount of blood going to the important organs in the body, it can also be separated from the plaque and move with the blood in the artery leads to clogging of the arteries of the small size. When the clot break free and run with blood, we call this situation as "embolism".

Symptoms

The atherosclerosis does not usually lead to the emergence of symptoms that happen severe narrowing of the artery, or until the full blockage of the artery occurs. Many patients do not know they are infected with the disease only when they are in the ambulatory medical condition, Kalnobh heart attack or stroke, for example. It is possible that the symptoms in some patients. And dependent symptoms that appear on the affected arteries.

 The next section deals with symptoms that can appear when atherosclerosis affects different arteries in the body. The coronary arteries supply blood to the heart with oxygen-rich. If plaque led to a narrowing of these arteries or bridged, this leads to a disease called the name of coronary heart disease (CHD). And general symptoms of this disease are:

 Chest pain, and feel disturbed, and this is what is called as the angina. Shortness of breath. Abnormal rhythm of the heart

 It is also possible that the plaque formed in the smaller arteries of the heart. This disease is called coronary artery disease as the minute (MVD). The symptoms of this disease include the angina, and shortness of breath, and sleep problems, extreme fatigue, in addition to energy shortages. The carotid arteries supplying the brain with oxygen-rich blood.

 When the plaque leads to fill these arteries to narrow or, you know the situation on behalf of carotid artery disease. This situation may lead to a stroke. He spoke stroke when it stops the flow of blood to the brain, the brain cells begin to die. It is possible that the symptoms of stroke include the following:

 Confusion or mental confusion.
     Dizziness, loss of balance or harmony in the movements.
     The inability to move.
     Unconsciousness.
     Sensation of numbness in the face, arms or legs, especially on one side of the body.
     Respiratory problems.
     Many cases of sudden headache.
     Sudden weakness.
     Vision problems.
     Trouble speaking or understanding speech

  It is possible that plaque in the major arteries that carry oxygen-rich blood to the arms, legs and trunk are formed. This condition is called as the peripheral arterial disease. If narrowed the arteries or are blocked by plaque, the patient is numb and the pain may feel, and get serious cases of infection.

 the reasons

It is possible that atherosclerosis is caused by many factors. This sclerosis may begin when the inner layer of the arteries become damage. This damage may come as a result of the following:

     Smoking.
     Large amounts of certain types of lipids and cholesterol in the blood.
     Hypertension.
     Large amounts of sugar in the blood.

It is possible to start form plaque in places injuring the lining of the arteries. Over time, this plaque hardens, leads to narrowing of the artery. In the end, it can be torn region in the plaque, and the possible opening, too. When this occurs, the platelets stick in the place of infection. The clump together constitute a clot. Clot lead to a further narrowing of the artery. This is what limits the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the body.

 Risk Factors

 There are recipes or particular situations or habits can increase the risk of human infection. It called these cases as the risk factors. The more risk factors in humans suffering atherosclerosis has become more likely. The availability factor of the risk factors of HIV disease or medical condition does not necessarily mean that a person will develop the disease. Adjusting the many risk factors is possible. It is useful for the prevention of atherosclerosis, or in order to delay its occurrence. And it includes the risk that a person can control factors:

Harmful levels of cholesterol in the blood.
     Hypertension.
     Smoking.
     Diabetes.
     Weight gain or obesity.
     Lack of physical activity.
     Poor diet.

There are risk factors a person can not be controlled. Among these factors:

     Age.
     Family history

 

Diagnosis

 

 The doctor's diagnosis of atherosclerosis based on the medical history of the patient and his family, in addition to the physical examination and the results of the tests and other tests. It is also possible that the doctor checks the pulse blood in the lung or foot to see if he was weak or non-existent. It is possible that the weakness of the pulse or the complete absence of a sign of a blocked artery. It is also possible that the doctor recommends a one or more of the blood tests or imaging tests for the diagnosis of atherosclerosis.

 

Imaging tests used may include computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound, as well as echocardiography. It is also possible that the doctor's request for a stress test. During this test, the patient performs calisthenics to make his heart work hard to increase Khvkana rate. And it is being tested for the heart during those exercises.

 

 If the patient is unable to do the required exercises have a doctor give him a special drug to speed up the heart and make him make a great effort. As part of some of the stress tests, being capture images of the heart during exercise and performance during the rest period, too.

 

 The stress tests that are able to demonstrate the quality of blood flow in different parts of the heart. It is also able to show how well the heart do its job in pumping blood through the Khvkana. Possible to make Angiography too. For this examination, being injected pigmentary material clearly show the X-ray images, in a patient's arteries using a thin flexible tube called as "catheter". This test can show if there is a plaque clog the arteries and the severity of the blockage

 Treatment options

It is possible that atherosclerosis sclerosis treatments include lifestyle changes and the use of medications, as well as a medical procedure may be surgery from. Lifestyle changes may include the following:

 

Healthy diet includes a variety of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, meat poor in fat, as well as low fat or skimmed milk and dairy products. A healthy diet and a low-sodium and free of added sugar and solid lubricants and shelled grain.
     Weight Loss if the patient is overweight or obese.

 

 Increase physical activity to the extent possible. The physical activity can improve the patient's health. And the patient should ask his doctor about the types and amounts of physical activity appropriate for him.

     Quit Smoking. It is possible that smoking leads to damage to the blood vessels and increase the risk of atherosclerosis. And on the patient to consult a doctor regarding the programs and products that can help them to quit smoking.

 

 In order to slow down the process of plaque formation, the doctor can prescribe medication to relieve the level of cholesterol and reduce blood pressure or blood sugar ease if any of them high. He also can prescribe medications to prevent blood clots from forming. Even successful treatment, the patient must deal with his medication according to your doctor's instructions. In case of severe atherosclerosis, the doctor can recommend medical procedures, or perform surgery, for example, crab vessels.

 

 Being the use of angioplasty to open arteries narrowed or clogged heart. In some cases, the artery is placed in a small plexiglass tube called as the "pillar", in order to maintain the artery open after the operation. The surgery coronary arterial bypass grafting (CABG) is a type of surgery is sometimes used for the treatment of atherosclerosis. In this surgery, being the use of a piece of an artery or vein is taken from another area of the body to exceed or wraps around the narrowed coronary arteries.

 

 This surgery and lead to improved blood flow to the heart, it can also protect the patient from heart attack. Surgery can also be used arterial bypass grafting of coronary arteries in order in the leg. In this surgery, it is being used properly and the blood vessel is taken from the patient's own, or an artificial blood vessel, in order to bypass the blocked artery narrowed or in one of the legs. The proper blood vessel or artificial in this case, re-routing the blood that passes around the blocked artery.

 

 This improves the blood flow in the leg. Carotid endarterectomy is a type of surgery for the removal of plaque formed from the carotid arteries in the neck. This process is done in order to restore proper blood flow in the direction of the brain. This is what the patient can protect against stroke.

 

Conclusion

 

 Atherosclerosis is a disease that leads to the formation of plaque inside the arteries. Over time, plaque hardens This leads to narrowing of the artery and limits the oxygen-rich blood that passes the quantity. This is what leads to serious health problems. Atherosclerosis usually does not lead to the emergence of symptoms before they tightened arteries to a large extent, or before the full blockage. There are many patients do not know they are infected with atherosclerosis only when they are in the case of Alasaava require medical intervention

 

The terms of the type of symptoms as they arise type the injured artery atherosclerosis. The physical examination, imaging, and other diagnostic tests, among the methods being used by the doctor for the diagnosis of atherosclerosis. And include treatment to drugs or other medical procedures, or surgery. It is also possible that the changing pattern of the patient's life is very useful. This includes adherence to a healthy diet, exercise and physical activity regularly, maintain a healthy weight properly, in addition to quitting smoking