Macular hole Macular hole is a small gap opened up in the center of the retina of the eye Retina, in the area called the spot the name (Yellow Stain) Macula.
Retina retina is a thin layer of light-sensitive, there in the back of the eye. There are spot at its center, which constitute the charge of the central and precise details of the vision segment, and necessary for tasks such as reading.
In the early stages of infection hole degeneration, confusion and disorder in the vision may occur, it seems straight lines, wavy or curved, and the person has difficulty in reading small letters.
Retina retina is a thin layer of light-sensitive, there in the back of the eye. There are spot at its center, which constitute the charge of the central and precise details of the vision segment, and necessary for tasks such as reading.
In the early stages of infection hole degeneration, confusion and disorder in the vision may occur, it seems straight lines, wavy or curved, and the person has difficulty in reading small letters.
After a period of time, a person may see a small black spots or empty spaces in the center of the vision scene. And do not cause injury in this case any feeling of pain, and do not lead to a complete loss of vision.
Be necessary to undergo surgery for the treatment of this hole is usually, and often surgery to be successful, but it should be a person aware of the potential complications of this treatment. On the other hand, the vision will never return to the first restored, but it will be better than it was before surgery.
Be necessary to undergo surgery for the treatment of this hole is usually, and often surgery to be successful, but it should be a person aware of the potential complications of this treatment. On the other hand, the vision will never return to the first restored, but it will be better than it was before surgery.
the reasons
The real reason is not yet known behind the macular hole occurs, where the vast majority of cases occur on its own (for no apparent reason). It most often affects people between the ages of 60-80 years old, women and injuring more than twice as men.
The real reason is not yet known behind the macular hole occurs, where the vast majority of cases occur on its own (for no apparent reason). It most often affects people between the ages of 60-80 years old, women and injuring more than twice as men.
Perhaps a potential risk factor is a condition called traction injury vitreous degeneration Vitreomacular traction, where the vitreous body located in the center of the eye begins traction on the retina in the back of the eye. In the case of the survival of part of the vitreous gel is connected to the retina, it could lead to macular hole occurs.
Several medical conditions may also be associated with this condition, such as:
Retinal detachment Retinal detachment. It occurs when the retina begins to drag the blood vessels that provide oxygen and nutrients.
Severe damage in the eye.
Occurrence of D minor eyesight (Hyperopic).
Palace looked very occurrence (myopia Myopic).
A persistent swelling in the center of the retina (macular edema cystic form Cystoid macular oedema).
Retinal detachment Retinal detachment. It occurs when the retina begins to drag the blood vessels that provide oxygen and nutrients.
Severe damage in the eye.
Occurrence of D minor eyesight (Hyperopic).
Palace looked very occurrence (myopia Myopic).
A persistent swelling in the center of the retina (macular edema cystic form Cystoid macular oedema).
What should I do
You should see a doctor or specialist optics in case of confusion or disorder in the vision, or the appearance of black spots in the center of vision. It may be necessary to refer the patient to a doctor an eye specialist.
If a person has the status of macular hole, and has not remedying it, it'll poor central vision is gradually increasing. Within a year, it will become unable to even read the larger print letters on the plate Optometry.
You should see a doctor or specialist optics in case of confusion or disorder in the vision, or the appearance of black spots in the center of vision. It may be necessary to refer the patient to a doctor an eye specialist.
If a person has the status of macular hole, and has not remedying it, it'll poor central vision is gradually increasing. Within a year, it will become unable to even read the larger print letters on the plate Optometry.
Evidence suggests that early treatment of the situation (in months) guaranteed to get the best results from the point of improved vision.
In rare cases, it may recover and the hole heals on its own, and for this reason, an ophthalmologist in monitoring the progress of the case before starting treatment as may wish.
In rare cases, it may recover and the hole heals on its own, and for this reason, an ophthalmologist in monitoring the progress of the case before starting treatment as may wish.
And the extent of his success therapy
Vitrectomy Surgery
You can treat macular hole often through surgery called a vitrectomy Vitrectomy.
If a person suffers from a hole less than a year ago, it will be an opportunity for the success of the surgery for about 90% filled. And will be able to more than 70% of people who were treated successfully able to read two lines or three additional lines of the plate standard vision screening, compared with the previous condition to perform the surgery.
Vitrectomy Surgery
You can treat macular hole often through surgery called a vitrectomy Vitrectomy.
If a person suffers from a hole less than a year ago, it will be an opportunity for the success of the surgery for about 90% filled. And will be able to more than 70% of people who were treated successfully able to read two lines or three additional lines of the plate standard vision screening, compared with the previous condition to perform the surgery.
Even if the surgery did not achieve a good degree of improvement, the vision will become stable, at least, depending degradation at least as well.
In a few cases, it may not heal the hole, despite the surgery, has been central vision continues to deteriorate. But that will not prevent a second surgery, has good chances of success remain.
In a few cases, it may not heal the hole, despite the surgery, has been central vision continues to deteriorate. But that will not prevent a second surgery, has good chances of success remain.
Injection Alookreblasameen
If macular hole caused by vitreous traction degeneration, can be treated by injection Alookreblasameen Ocriplasmin inside the eye, where the benefit of this injection into the separation gel glass from the back of the eye, and allows Bandmal macular hole. This treatment is to be successful in closing macular hole at about 40% of cases.
Injection takes a few seconds, and being under the influence of a local anesthetic so that the person does not feel any pain. And it will be used as eye drops to mydriasis so the doctor can see the back of the eye.
If macular hole caused by vitreous traction degeneration, can be treated by injection Alookreblasameen Ocriplasmin inside the eye, where the benefit of this injection into the separation gel glass from the back of the eye, and allows Bandmal macular hole. This treatment is to be successful in closing macular hole at about 40% of cases.
Injection takes a few seconds, and being under the influence of a local anesthetic so that the person does not feel any pain. And it will be used as eye drops to mydriasis so the doctor can see the back of the eye.
Ookreblasameen syringe used usually in the early stages of infection only, and that's when the width of macular hole less than 400 micrometer, but it can cause severe symptoms.
Ookreblasameen use may cause the emergence of some of the side effects of light, which usually go away, such as:
Temporary discomfort.
Show what looks like a bird flies (Alawaim floaters).
Discomfort from bright lights.
Blurry vision.
Discoloration of vision yellow color.
Ookreblasameen use may cause the emergence of some of the side effects of light, which usually go away, such as:
Temporary discomfort.
Show what looks like a bird flies (Alawaim floaters).
Discomfort from bright lights.
Blurry vision.
Discoloration of vision yellow color.
May appear when few people even more serious side effects, such as a marked lack of vision or expand in macular hole or retinal detachment. It is necessary to perform surgery is usually to measure macular hole expander or retinal detachment.
The person would not be able to drive a vehicle after the injection procedure directly, so that kind of drops used lead to blurred vision; but that things are returning to normal after one day to use the drops.
The person would not be able to drive a vehicle after the injection procedure directly, so that kind of drops used lead to blurred vision; but that things are returning to normal after one day to use the drops.
If Ookreblasameen injection failed to bridge the macular hole, which is what happens when about 60% of cases, it will be necessary to conduct a vitrectomy process, to heal the macular hole and improve vision.
What is vitrectomy surgery
Macular hole surgery is a form of laparoscopic surgery keyhole surgery, which is performed under a microscope.
It includes surgical procedure three small incisions (the length of each one millimeter) in the whites of the eyes, and the intervention of a very precise tools through.
What is vitrectomy surgery
Macular hole surgery is a form of laparoscopic surgery keyhole surgery, which is performed under a microscope.
It includes surgical procedure three small incisions (the length of each one millimeter) in the whites of the eyes, and the intervention of a very precise tools through.
Macular hole surgery takes between 45-90 minutes usually, and can be done under local anesthesia or general anesthesia. Most patients choose to use local anesthetic, which is the use of injected anesthetic around the eye, so there will not be feeling pain during the procedure.
The person can return to his home in the same day of the procedure, but it is necessary to the survival of most of the patients in the hospital until the following day.
What can be expected after the operation
A temporary low vision
Vision will be very weak presence of air bubble, as if the person opens his eye underwater.
The balance will be influenced by the person with the suffering of the difficulty of estimating distances, so he drew attention to his steps and obstacles in his way. A person of great difficulty may also suffer when you do certain activities, such as pouring liquids, or pick up objects
Shrink the size of the air bubble within 7-10 days of surgery. In the meantime, the space will be filled with left by air bubble liquid natural eye has produced, to begin with then vision better.
Air bubble absorption usually needs to be a period of between 6-8 weeks, and then improve vision.
Mild pain or discomfort
The patient may feel a slight pain in the eye after surgery.
Should contact a doctor immediately concerned eyes, or go to the nearest ambulatory center in the following cases:
Feeling severe pain.
Decline in the patient's ability to vision, compared with what it was the day after the surgery.
Protective bandage
When the person regains consciousness, he will find that his eye bandaged with a protective plastic cover over it, and can remove the bandage and cover the next day to perform the operation.
pharmaceutical
Described two or three kinds of eye drops usually used after surgery, namely:
Antibiotic.
Steroid.
Extended factor for pupil.
You should see a doctor about two weeks after the surgery, and if it was found that the patient's eye take better well'll ask him to reduce the use of the drops during the following weeks.
The need to keep heading down the face after the procedure
When should you return to one's home to spend a few hours so that the head is fixed in a certain position.
Be the end of lying down or sitting in a position where the face is down is to maintain contact with air bubble for macular hole as much as possible, and to help heal the hole.
The evidence suggests that lying down while maintaining the direction of the face down increases the rate of surgical procedure performed for the holes of the broader success, but there may be no need to lie in that situation when the holes are less extensive.
And if there is no need to lie, while maintaining the direction of the face down, the doctor asks the patient to avoid lying on your back for at least two weeks after surgery.
Sleeping
The patient must sleep on one side, so leaning his head on his ear. It may be required to avoid sleeping on your back for at least a month after the operation, so as to maintain contact with air bubble for macular hole as much as possible.
If a person can not sleep on his side, he can sleep supported by cushions from the back hand, so that the angle of his body when sleeping 45 degrees.
The possibility of travel after surgery
Should not the plane ride or travel overland to stay for the duration of the bubble in the eye higher ground (for a maximum period of 12 weeks from the surgery).
If the person to ignore these instructions, you'll swells air bubble when you move to higher ground, causing increased pressure within the eye dramatically. Which may lead to a feeling of intense pain and loss of vision permanently.
What should I do when the need for further surgery after a short period of treatment
If the person needs to undergo general anesthesia during the period of the presence of the air bubble in the eye, it is necessary to tell the anesthesiologist about it, even the doctor avoids the use of certain narcotic substances may cause inflation bubble.
The possibility of driving after surgery
Air bubble remains in the eye for a period ranging between 6-8 weeks after surgery, so it can not be any vehicle driving during this period.
Once the demise of the bubble completely (which Siderkh patient alone), a person can drive a vehicle without any worries.
The period of absence from work
Most people will be forced to stop their work for at least two weeks, although the estimate of this period depends on the work they are doing on the type and speed of recovery.
Complications may occur after a macular hole surgery
It is unlikely that the patient is suffering from the adverse effects after conducting macular hole treatment process.
In any case, the patient should be aware of the possibility of one of the following six Complications:
Failure to fill the hole. This occurs when approximately 10-20% of patients, so that failure to fill the hole may increase a little bit of vision problems when compared to the situation prior to surgery. The surgical procedure can repeat again normally.
Cataract cataract. This means that the natural lens in the eye may become blurry. It is almost certain that the injury occur after cataract surgery, and this is usually within a year.
Retinal detachment retinal detachment. The separation of the retina from the back of the eye when 1.2% of patients who performed the surgery to fill the hole degeneration happens. This may cause blindness, but can be treated by conducting another process.
Bleeding. This happens very rarely, but severe bleeding inside the eye can lead to blindness.
Infection. The incidence of infection is very rare cases, too, as it affects 0.1% of patients. Infection and need additional treatment, and may lead to blindness.
High intraocular pressure. Is an increase in pressure inside the eye of the most common situations in the days following the macular hole surgery, and the resulting gas bubble is usually extended. The pressure continues to rise in most cases a short time, and it can be controlled using the kind drops or additional drugs. If high eye pressure severe or prolonged, it may cause damage to the optic nerve.
The success of the process of macular hole
The length of the injury macular hole before the most important factor in predicting treatment success fill the hole, when a surgical operation.
If the hole existed for less than six months, it will be an opportunity for the success of the surgery is about 90%.
However, if the injury had occurred since a year or more, the success rate will drop to about 60%.
Improvement in vision occurs when most people after recovering from surgery. So that this process will prevent the aggravation of poor visibility is usually at the very least.
The possibility of injury to the other eye macular hole
The probability of the other eye injury is very unlikely in some people, while it is improbable 10% when other people.
It is very essential to any changes in the sound eye monitor and inform your doctor about it immediately.
Discrimination between infection hole degeneration and age-related macular degeneration
There is a difference between the cases of macular hole and macular degeneration, although they Tsaba the same area of the eye, and can sometimes be Tsaba same eye at the same time.
Valtnks age-related degeneration is damage to the spot, and lead to a gradual decrease in central vision. The causes of this are not clear, but it is known that aging, smoking and family story of the situation increases the risk of injury.
The person can return to his home in the same day of the procedure, but it is necessary to the survival of most of the patients in the hospital until the following day.
What can be expected after the operation
A temporary low vision
Vision will be very weak presence of air bubble, as if the person opens his eye underwater.
The balance will be influenced by the person with the suffering of the difficulty of estimating distances, so he drew attention to his steps and obstacles in his way. A person of great difficulty may also suffer when you do certain activities, such as pouring liquids, or pick up objects
Shrink the size of the air bubble within 7-10 days of surgery. In the meantime, the space will be filled with left by air bubble liquid natural eye has produced, to begin with then vision better.
Air bubble absorption usually needs to be a period of between 6-8 weeks, and then improve vision.
Mild pain or discomfort
The patient may feel a slight pain in the eye after surgery.
Should contact a doctor immediately concerned eyes, or go to the nearest ambulatory center in the following cases:
Feeling severe pain.
Decline in the patient's ability to vision, compared with what it was the day after the surgery.
Protective bandage
When the person regains consciousness, he will find that his eye bandaged with a protective plastic cover over it, and can remove the bandage and cover the next day to perform the operation.
pharmaceutical
Described two or three kinds of eye drops usually used after surgery, namely:
Antibiotic.
Steroid.
Extended factor for pupil.
You should see a doctor about two weeks after the surgery, and if it was found that the patient's eye take better well'll ask him to reduce the use of the drops during the following weeks.
When should you return to one's home to spend a few hours so that the head is fixed in a certain position.
Be the end of lying down or sitting in a position where the face is down is to maintain contact with air bubble for macular hole as much as possible, and to help heal the hole.
The evidence suggests that lying down while maintaining the direction of the face down increases the rate of surgical procedure performed for the holes of the broader success, but there may be no need to lie in that situation when the holes are less extensive.
And if there is no need to lie, while maintaining the direction of the face down, the doctor asks the patient to avoid lying on your back for at least two weeks after surgery.
Sleeping
The patient must sleep on one side, so leaning his head on his ear. It may be required to avoid sleeping on your back for at least a month after the operation, so as to maintain contact with air bubble for macular hole as much as possible.
If a person can not sleep on his side, he can sleep supported by cushions from the back hand, so that the angle of his body when sleeping 45 degrees.
The possibility of travel after surgery
Should not the plane ride or travel overland to stay for the duration of the bubble in the eye higher ground (for a maximum period of 12 weeks from the surgery).
If the person to ignore these instructions, you'll swells air bubble when you move to higher ground, causing increased pressure within the eye dramatically. Which may lead to a feeling of intense pain and loss of vision permanently.
What should I do when the need for further surgery after a short period of treatment
If the person needs to undergo general anesthesia during the period of the presence of the air bubble in the eye, it is necessary to tell the anesthesiologist about it, even the doctor avoids the use of certain narcotic substances may cause inflation bubble.
The possibility of driving after surgery
Air bubble remains in the eye for a period ranging between 6-8 weeks after surgery, so it can not be any vehicle driving during this period.
Once the demise of the bubble completely (which Siderkh patient alone), a person can drive a vehicle without any worries.
The period of absence from work
Most people will be forced to stop their work for at least two weeks, although the estimate of this period depends on the work they are doing on the type and speed of recovery.
Complications may occur after a macular hole surgery
It is unlikely that the patient is suffering from the adverse effects after conducting macular hole treatment process.
In any case, the patient should be aware of the possibility of one of the following six Complications:
Failure to fill the hole. This occurs when approximately 10-20% of patients, so that failure to fill the hole may increase a little bit of vision problems when compared to the situation prior to surgery. The surgical procedure can repeat again normally.
Cataract cataract. This means that the natural lens in the eye may become blurry. It is almost certain that the injury occur after cataract surgery, and this is usually within a year.
Retinal detachment retinal detachment. The separation of the retina from the back of the eye when 1.2% of patients who performed the surgery to fill the hole degeneration happens. This may cause blindness, but can be treated by conducting another process.
Bleeding. This happens very rarely, but severe bleeding inside the eye can lead to blindness.
Infection. The incidence of infection is very rare cases, too, as it affects 0.1% of patients. Infection and need additional treatment, and may lead to blindness.
High intraocular pressure. Is an increase in pressure inside the eye of the most common situations in the days following the macular hole surgery, and the resulting gas bubble is usually extended. The pressure continues to rise in most cases a short time, and it can be controlled using the kind drops or additional drugs. If high eye pressure severe or prolonged, it may cause damage to the optic nerve.
The success of the process of macular hole
The length of the injury macular hole before the most important factor in predicting treatment success fill the hole, when a surgical operation.
If the hole existed for less than six months, it will be an opportunity for the success of the surgery is about 90%.
However, if the injury had occurred since a year or more, the success rate will drop to about 60%.
Improvement in vision occurs when most people after recovering from surgery. So that this process will prevent the aggravation of poor visibility is usually at the very least.
The possibility of injury to the other eye macular hole
The probability of the other eye injury is very unlikely in some people, while it is improbable 10% when other people.
It is very essential to any changes in the sound eye monitor and inform your doctor about it immediately.
Discrimination between infection hole degeneration and age-related macular degeneration
There is a difference between the cases of macular hole and macular degeneration, although they Tsaba the same area of the eye, and can sometimes be Tsaba same eye at the same time.
Valtnks age-related degeneration is damage to the spot, and lead to a gradual decrease in central vision. The causes of this are not clear, but it is known that aging, smoking and family story of the situation increases the risk of injury.
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